PrepTest 90+, Section 4, Question 22
Historian: Because medieval epistemology (theory of knowledge) is a complex subject, intellectual historians have, until recently, failed to produce a definition that would help to determine what should and what should not be included in it. Clearly, the solution is to define medieval epistemology simply as "the epistemological beliefs of the medieval epistemologists." That way, if we want to know whether medieval epistemology includes some epistemological claim, we just ask whether any medieval epistemologists believed it. If any did, it is part of medieval epistemology; if any medieval epistemologists believed the opposite, then that opposite claim is part of medieval epistemology.
Historian: Because medieval epistemology (theory of knowledge) is a complex subject, intellectual historians have, until recently, failed to produce a definition that would help to determine what should and what should not be included in it. Clearly, the solution is to define medieval epistemology simply as "the epistemological beliefs of the medieval epistemologists." That way, if we want to know whether medieval epistemology includes some epistemological claim, we just ask whether any medieval epistemologists believed it. If any did, it is part of medieval epistemology; if any medieval epistemologists believed the opposite, then that opposite claim is part of medieval epistemology.
Historian: Because medieval epistemology (theory of knowledge) is a complex subject, intellectual historians have, until recently, failed to produce a definition that would help to determine what should and what should not be included in it. Clearly, the solution is to define medieval epistemology simply as "the epistemological beliefs of the medieval epistemologists." That way, if we want to know whether medieval epistemology includes some epistemological claim, we just ask whether any medieval epistemologists believed it. If any did, it is part of medieval epistemology; if any medieval epistemologists believed the opposite, then that opposite claim is part of medieval epistemology.
Historian: Because medieval epistemology (theory of knowledge) is a complex subject, intellectual historians have, until recently, failed to produce a definition that would help to determine what should and what should not be included in it. Clearly, the solution is to define medieval epistemology simply as "the epistemological beliefs of the medieval epistemologists." That way, if we want to know whether medieval epistemology includes some epistemological claim, we just ask whether any medieval epistemologists believed it. If any did, it is part of medieval epistemology; if any medieval epistemologists believed the opposite, then that opposite claim is part of medieval epistemology.
Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the historian's argument?
Medieval epistemologists held some of the same epistemological beliefs as did ancient epistemologists.
The epistemological beliefs of medieval epistemologists depended upon their beliefs about nonepistemological matters.
The writings of most medieval epistemologists include passages that are clearly not about epistemology.
Some medieval epistemologists had epistemological beliefs that contradicted the epistemological beliefs of other medieval epistemologists.
There is much debate as to which medieval thinkers, if any, were epistemologists.
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