PrepTest 81, Section 3, Question 25
If ecology and the physical sciences were evaluated by the same criteria, ecology would fail to be a successful science because it cannot be captured by a set of simple laws. But ecology is a successful science, although of a different sort from the physical sciences. Therefore, it clearly is not being evaluated by means of the criteria used to evaluate the physical sciences.
If ecology and the physical sciences were evaluated by the same criteria, ecology would fail to be a successful science because it cannot be captured by a set of simple laws. But ecology is a successful science, although of a different sort from the physical sciences. Therefore, it clearly is not being evaluated by means of the criteria used to evaluate the physical sciences.
If ecology and the physical sciences were evaluated by the same criteria, ecology would fail to be a successful science because it cannot be captured by a set of simple laws. But ecology is a successful science, although of a different sort from the physical sciences. Therefore, it clearly is not being evaluated by means of the criteria used to evaluate the physical sciences.
If ecology and the physical sciences were evaluated by the same criteria, ecology would fail to be a successful science because it cannot be captured by a set of simple laws. But ecology is a successful science, although of a different sort from the physical sciences. Therefore, it clearly is not being evaluated by means of the criteria used to evaluate the physical sciences.
Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?
If sales taxes are increased, then either the price of woodchips will go up and the consumer will have to pay more for them, or the woodchip industry will disappear. But the market cannot bear an increase in the price of woodchips, so the woodchip industry will disappear.
If this gallery could borrow some of Matisse's early works, then, together with its own permanent collection of Matisse, the gallery could have the largest exhibition of Matisse ever. But there is no demand for larger exhibitions of Matisse's work. Therefore, no gallery will be inclined to lend their early Matisses to this gallery.
If cars of the future are made of lighter and stronger materials, then the number of fatalities due to driving accidents will be drastically reduced. It is obvious that cars will be made of lighter and stronger materials in the future. Therefore, the number of fatalities due to driving accidents will be drastically reduced.
If physicists attempted research in the social sciences, they would probably be as successful in those areas as researchers who restrict their concentration to the social sciences. However, physicists rarely attempt social science research. Therefore, physicists are not among the most successful researchers in the social sciences.
If any economic theory were an adequate description of the principles according to which economies operate, then it would be possible to make accurate economic forecasts. But accurate economic forecasts cannot be made. Therefore, no economic theory is an adequate description of the principles according to which economies operate.
Explanations
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