PrepTest 75, Section 3, Question 18
Consumer advocate: Manufacturers of children's toys often place warnings on their products that overstate the dangers their products pose. Product-warning labels should overstate dangers only if doing so reduces injuries. In fact, however, manufacturers overstate their products' dangers merely for the purpose of protecting themselves from lawsuits brought by parents of injured children. Therefore, manufacturers of children's toys should not overstate the dangers their products pose.
Consumer advocate: Manufacturers of children's toys often place warnings on their products that overstate the dangers their products pose. Product-warning labels should overstate dangers only if doing so reduces injuries. In fact, however, manufacturers overstate their products' dangers merely for the purpose of protecting themselves from lawsuits brought by parents of injured children. Therefore, manufacturers of children's toys should not overstate the dangers their products pose.
Consumer advocate: Manufacturers of children's toys often place warnings on their products that overstate the dangers their products pose. Product-warning labels should overstate dangers only if doing so reduces injuries. In fact, however, manufacturers overstate their products' dangers merely for the purpose of protecting themselves from lawsuits brought by parents of injured children. Therefore, manufacturers of children's toys should not overstate the dangers their products pose.
Consumer advocate: Manufacturers of children's toys often place warnings on their products that overstate the dangers their products pose. Product-warning labels should overstate dangers only if doing so reduces injuries. In fact, however, manufacturers overstate their products' dangers merely for the purpose of protecting themselves from lawsuits brought by parents of injured children. Therefore, manufacturers of children's toys should not overstate the dangers their products pose.
Which one of the following most accurately describes a reasoning flaw in the consumer advocate's argument?
The argument confuses a necessary condition for reducing the number of injuries caused by a product with a sufficient condition.
The argument overlooks the possibility that warnings that do not overstate the dangers that their products pose do not always reduce injuries.
The argument relies on a sample that is unlikely to be representative.
The argument presumes, without providing justification, that if a warning overstates a danger, then the warning will fail to prevent injuries.
The argument relies on the unjustified assumption that an action has an effect only if it was performed in order to bring about that effect.
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