PrepTest 41, Section 2, Question 5
Statistician: Two major studies found no causal link between medical procedure�X and disorder Y, but these studies are flawed. One study looked at 1,000�people who had undergone procedure�X and the other study looked at 1,100 people who had undergone procedure�X. But because disorder Y occurs in only .02 percent of the population, researchers would need to include many more than 1,100 people in a study to detect even a doubling of the rate of disorder Y.
Statistician: Two major studies found no causal link between medical procedure�X and disorder Y, but these studies are flawed. One study looked at 1,000�people who had undergone procedure�X and the other study looked at 1,100 people who had undergone procedure�X. But because disorder Y occurs in only .02 percent of the population, researchers would need to include many more than 1,100 people in a study to detect even a doubling of the rate of disorder Y.
Statistician: Two major studies found no causal link between medical procedure�X and disorder Y, but these studies are flawed. One study looked at 1,000�people who had undergone procedure�X and the other study looked at 1,100 people who had undergone procedure�X. But because disorder Y occurs in only .02 percent of the population, researchers would need to include many more than 1,100 people in a study to detect even a doubling of the rate of disorder Y.
Statistician: Two major studies found no causal link between medical procedure�X and disorder Y, but these studies are flawed. One study looked at 1,000�people who had undergone procedure�X and the other study looked at 1,100 people who had undergone procedure�X. But because disorder Y occurs in only .02 percent of the population, researchers would need to include many more than 1,100 people in a study to detect even a doubling of the rate of disorder Y.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the statistician's argument?
Contrary to the findings of two major studies, there is reason to think that procedure�X causes disorder�Y.
Two studies that discovered no causal link between procedure X and disorder�Y are unsound.
Researchers should conduct more-extensive studies of procedure�X to determine whether the procedure is causally linked with disorder�Y.
The two studies cited did not reach a conclusion as to whether disorder Y results from procedure X.
Despite the opinions of many medical experts, it has not been established that there is a causal link between procedure�X and disorder�Y.
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